High-Tech Yuga

A " Statement of Architecture Work " in Enterprise Architect is a document that clearly defines the scope, objectives, approach, and deliverables of an architectural project within an organization, essentially acting as a contract between the architecture team and stakeholders, outlining the details of the planned architecture work and how it will be executed, often utilizing the TOGAF framework within the tool.  Key elements of a Statement of Architecture Work: 1. Project Background and Request: A brief description of the project's context, business drivers, and reasons for undertaking the architecture work.  2. Project Scope: Clearly defined boundaries of the architecture project, including what systems, components, and areas will be addressed.  3. Architecture Vision Overview: A high-level summary of the desired future state of the architecture, including key goals and principles.  4. Approach and Methodology: The chosen architecture development process, including...

 Technology Architecture creates technology components from application components. Technology components can be software and/or hardware components, obtainable from the market or organised within the company. Technology architecture is a subset of enterprise architecture that focuses on the technical aspects of an organization's technology systems. It's concerned with the hardware, software, networks, and databases that support an organization's business processes. Technology architecture's role in enterprise architecture includes: Supporting applications and data Technology architecture ensures that the organization's IT systems have a strong, reliable technological foundation.  Meeting business requirements Technology architecture translates business requirements into technical specifications and ensures that the systems are designed and implemented to meet those requirements.  Providing a concrete view Technology architecture provides a more concrete view of how...

The Vision of Architecture: The vision of architecture phase is where you define goals, generate strategies, and approve organisational principles. Purpose: To provide key stakeholders with a formally agreed outcome. Provides a summary of changes that will derive from the successful deployment of the Target Architecture. Provides a summary of the full Architecture Definition. Architecture Vision Objectives: Develop a high level aspirational vision of the capabilities and business value to be delivered as a result of the proposed Enterprise Architecture. Obtain approval for a Statement of Architecture Work that defines a programme of works to develop and deploy the architecture outlined in the Architecture Vision. Architecture Vision Objectives: Develop a high level aspirational vision of the capabilities and business value to be delivered as a result of the proposed Enterprise Architecture. Obtain approval for a Statement of Architecture Work that defines a programme of works to develo...

Stakeholders: Stakeholders are people who have key roles in, or concerns about, the system e.g. users, developers etc. Stakeholders can be individuals, teams, organisations, etc. Concerns: A general type of interest (e.g. availability, usability) that is significant to one or more stakeholders in the system, and controls the acceptability of the system to those stakeholders. A concern may be addressed from several viewpoints. A viewpoint may address several concerns. Role of enterprise architect in Managing Stakeholders: An enterprise architect plays a crucial role in managing stakeholders by actively engaging with various groups within an organization, understanding their needs and concerns , and ensuring that the designed IT architecture aligns with the business goals of all stakeholders, effectively communicating complex technical details to diverse audiences to gain buy-in and support for the overall enterprise architecture strategy.  Key aspects of an enterprise architect's s...

Business Scenarios: In enterprise architecture, " business scenarios " are detailed descriptions of potential real-world business situations used to identify and understand key business needs, allowing architects to design IT systems that directly address those needs and align with overall business objectives; essentially acting as a bridge between high-level business goals and the technical architecture required to achieve them. Template: Business scenario problem description Detailed objectives Views of environments and processes Actors, their roles and responsibilities Principles and constraints Requirements Next steps Glossary of terms and abbreviations References

Governing Architecture: Governance is the practice by which enterprise architectures are managed and controlled. This includes: Controls the creation and monitoring of components and activities. Ensuring compliance with internal and external standards and regulatory obligations. Ensuring accountability to stakeholders. Levels of Governance Technology Governance IT Governance Architecture Governance including business governance Benefits of Architecture Governance Links processes, resources, and information to organisational strategies and objectives. Integrates and institutionalises best practices. Aligns with industry frameworks. Enables the organisation to take full advantage of its assets. Protects the underlying digital assets of the organisation. Supports regulatory and best practice requirements. Promotes visible risk management.

The Preliminary Phase: The Preliminary Phase is the first phase of the Enterprise Architecture (EA) development cycle, which is designed to lay the groundwork for developing the EA. This phase is critical for understanding the goals, scope, and approach for the EA initiative. The Preliminary phase consists of below process: Defining the Scope and Goals of the EA Initiative Establishing the EA Team and Governance Structure Developing an EA Capability Assessment Identifying Stakeholders and their Concerns Developing an EA Communication Plan

The Architecture Content Framework: The Content Framework is an integral part of the Architecture Content Framework (ACF) , which is a structured approach to organising and managing enterprise architecture content. The Content Framework provides a standardised model for describing the types of information that are essential to enterprise architecture. There are three key components of the Content Framework: the Content Metamodel, the Content Taxonomy, and Content Views . The Content Metamodel defines the essential types of information that an enterprise architecture should capture, such as business processes, applications, data models, and technology infrastructure. It also defines the relationships between these different types of information, which helps stakeholders understand how they interrelate. The Content Taxonomy is a hierarchical classification system that organises the information in the Content Metamodel. It provides a standardised way of categorising the different types ...

The Architecture Repository: An enterprise architecture repository (EAR) is a centralized storage system that stores and manages an organization's IT architecture components, standards, and relationships. It can also be used to document and maintain these components.  An EAR can store a variety of architecture artifacts, including: Data, Models and diagrams, Frameworks, Roadmaps, Capabilities, Design patterns, References, Principles, and Governance Register. example: The repository architecture style is widely used in various domains and applications. For example, database management systems (DBMS) are based on the repository style, where the database is the central repository and the applications are the components that query and update the data. Six categories of information should feature within an Enterprise Architecture: 1) The Architecture Metamodel describes the application of an architecture framework, which is adopted by organisations. 2) The Architecture Capability states...

The Enterprise Continuum is a framework that classifies all the assets available to an enterprise, and helps to organize and communicate them. The Enterprise Continuum includes assets like business goals, strategic initiatives, capabilities, policies, standards, and principles. It also includes assets from the wider environment, such as products, research, market factors, and legislation. It helps: categorising architecture and solution artefacts. structuring of virtual repositories. improves the efficiency of engineering. helps organise reusable architecture and solution assets. visual repository for all architecture assets Two concepts combine to create the Enterprise Continuum: 1)Solutions Continuum  The assets included in an Enterprise Continuum are determined by the architecture governance function. 2)Architecture Continuum Practically, the application of an Enterprise Continuum occurs through an Architecture Repository. In the context of an Enterprise Continuum, " COTS pro...

Infrastructure Architecture: Infrastructure architecture is a domain of enterprise architecture that focuses on the technical systems and infrastructure that support a business's goals and objectives. Your infrastructure architecture refers to the computers, networks, switches, routers, servers, and everything else that your company uses to get things done. Infrastructure architecture includes: Physical and virtual resources: Hardware like servers, storage devices, and network components, as well as software for managing and monitoring these systems Common data and business principles: Shared data and common business principles and standards  Infrastructure applications: Applications that provide common services, such as web services  Infrastructure Service: Platform as Service (ex: Cloud) IT service management tools (ex: ServiceNow) The goal of infrastructure architecture is to ensure that IT services are delivered reliably, efficiently, and securely.  The Infrastruct...

The difference between functional and non functional requirements is depicted below: functional   - > think scope, how system must work? non functional -> think quality, how system should perform? Functional requirements define what a product must do and what its features and functions are. Nonfunctional requirements describe the general properties of a system. They are also known as quality attributes. NFRs describe system properties or attributes that are not directly tied to specific functions but instead govern how a system performs under certain conditions .  NFR attributes: performance security scalability error handling useability maintainability availability portability interoperability efficiency compliance Key responsibilities of architects in managing NFRs: Define the system's non-functional requirements and documenting NFRs Analyzing the impact of NFRs Prioritizing NFRs Trade-off analysis Designing for NFRs Validation and verification Continuous improvement ...

Software Architecture vs Application Architecture: While both terms are related to designing software systems, " software architecture " refers to the high-level design of an entire system, encompassing its components, interactions, and overall structure, while " application architecture " focuses specifically on the structure and design of a single application within that system, defining how its various components interact to achieve desired functionality; essentially, application architecture is a subset of software architecture concerned with the details of a particular application. Example: Enterprise architecture example: Enterprise architecture create overall architecture of a e-commence platform which includes Hardware, RDBS, Cloud, Networking etc.  Software architecture example: Choosing a microservices architecture for an entire e-commerce platform, where different services (user management, product catalog, payment processing) are loosely coupled and can ...

Software Architecture: Software architecture is the foundation of enterprise application development. It represents the design decisions that define a system's structure and behavior. Enterprise architects and software architects can work together to develop an accurate view of the IT landscape and optimize resources.  Solution Architect implements the roadmap created by Enterprise Architect. Enterprise architect Software architect Focus Innovation, security, and optimization Deployment, compatibility, tech strategy, and support Role Concerned with how all the company's solutions interact Defines best practice standards and provides technical guidance Involves: implementing of technical standards implementing coding and tools standards overseas performance, security, quality, code modifiable identify risk, finding solution for issues help business to archive objective identify technical requirements design an...

Data Architecture: Data architecture should be designed to support the organization's strategic objectives and enable effective data analysis for decision-making.  Components of data architecture: Data sources: Where data originates from (internal systems, external sources)  Data storage: How data is stored (databases, data warehouses, data lakes)  Data integration: Processes for combining data from multiple sources  Data access methods: How users and applications access data  Learn about data terminologies: Data, Database, DBMS, Data format, Data flow, Cache, Tables, Index, Regular expressions, NoSQL. Learn about Data Models: Business Data, Conceptual Data,  Doman Data, Logical Data, Canonical Data Model (acts as a translator) Learn about Data Quality: Confidentiality (Encryption, Anti-Tampering, Authentication), Integrity (A data item has the same value in each part of a distributed system) , Availability

Business Architecture: The exchange of services and information is defined in terms of business. In enterprise architecture, "business architecture" refers to a specific component that focuses solely on the organizational structure, strategy, processes, and capabilities of a company, essentially acting as a blueprint for how the business operates and aligns with its strategic goals, while the broader enterprise architecture encompasses the business architecture alongside data, applications, and technology aspects to create a holistic view of the entire organization. Business Architecture objectives include: Development of the desired Business Architecture Describe what is required to achieve business goals Respond to the defined strategic initiatives Address stakeholder concerns and architecture requests Business Architecture Structure and Behavior is a topic comprised of the following elements: Business Functions Business Capability and Capability Based Planning Business Mod...

Architecture Frameworks: An Architecture Framework is a theoretical structure that has the purpose of developing, executing, and maintaining an Enterprise Architecture. Advantages of EA framework: Simplify Breaks down areas of the business process Organise business components and create and identify relationships between business Determine the scope Customization in the existing framework Disadvantages of EA framework: Need to follow process Provides only direction and not information It's based on goal and objective Need creativity and proactive thinking Zachman Framework: The Zachman Framework is a widely used model in Enterprise Architecture (EA) that provides a structured way to classify and organize an organization's information infrastructure by defining different perspectives from various stakeholders, allowing for a holistic view of the enterprise and facilitating alignment between business needs and technology solutions; essentially acting as a template to organize arc...

 Architecture Precursors: Precursors to modern Enterprise Architecture (EA) include early frameworks like IBM's Business Systems Planning (BSP), which focused on aligning business strategy with information systems, as well as other Information Systems (IS) architecture methodologies that emerged in the 1970s and 80s, emphasizing the connection between business processes and IT systems, laying the groundwork for the holistic view of an organization that EA represents today; the "Master Plan for Information Systems" by Evans and Hague is also considered a foundational concept in this area. Drivers: internal / external pressure enforce to change the system Aims & Directives: Aims:  Goals Objectives Requirements Directives: Principles (example: Principles can be associated with business, data, applications, infrastructure, or security) Policies (example: Members of the public have minimal access to data) Business Rules (example: A rule directs and restricts a procedure)

Architecture and Architects: Enterprise Architects provide navigation and guidelines to achieve future goals, thus generating growth and progression. Enterprise Architects must consider architecture from several perspectives, including: 1) Application Architecture: Application architecture is the blueprint for designing and building a software application. Example: Microservices architecture 2) Technology Architecture: Technology architecture is a component of enterprise architecture that focuses on the technical aspects of an organization's IT infrastructure. Example:   interconnected hardware and software, like networks, clouds, servers, clients, printers, tablet PCs, and smartphones. 3) Business Process Architecture: In enterprise architecture, "Business Process Architecture" refers to a hierarchical model that maps out an organization's key business processes, outlining their relationships, dependencies, and interactions to ensure alignment with the overall busine...

Module 2: Techniques for Developing Architecture: Some techniques for Architecture Development include: 1) Architecture Principles: framework for making decisions about architecture design, implementation, and evolution.  2) Management of Stakeholders : Identify Stakeholder, Analyze Stakeholder, Prioritize Stakeholder, Engage with Stakeholder, Monitor and Evaluate Stakeholder engagement. 3) Business Scenarios: Study/ Analysis / management of business scenarios ex: Merger planning,  4) Gap Analysis: 1. Define the desired state 2. Define the current state 3. Identify the gaps 4. Develop an action plan 5. Implement the plan 5) Migration Planning Techniques:  ex: Cloud Migration 6) Interoperability Requirements: Interoperability refers to the ability of different systems and components to work together seamlessly. 7) Business Transformation Readiness Assessment: Assessment involves evaluating an organization's readiness to undertake significant chan...

Introduction to Enterprise Architecture: Enterprise:  An enterprise is a large-scale organization engaged in commercial activities, often involving a complex network of operations, departments, and divisions. Example: Corporates, components of corporations, and government agencies. Architecture: Architecture refers to the central organisation of a  system, the i ncorporation of its elements , the association of such elements with each other and the environment, and the principles leading the system’s design and development. Enterprise Architecture (EA): EA serves as a blueprint for the organisation's IT infrastructure and business processes, enabling alignment between business strategies and IT capabilities. A strategic approach to architecture that addresses an entire enterprise to address below: 1. Alignment of IT with Business Goals 2. Integration and Standardization 3. Risk Management 4. Change Management 5. IT Governance 6. Business Agility 7. Response to change 8. Relia...