**01 — Scope Creep: The Never-Ending Feature Factory (+120% over budget)**
Uncontrolled feature additions buried the project. PM fixed it with a scope freeze, a Change Control Board, and Agile sprints.
**02 — Poor Requirements: Building the Wrong Product (9 months wasted)**
Requirements were gathered from an executive, not real users. PM ran user story workshops, prototyping cycles, and introduced a Requirements Traceability Matrix.
**03 — Communication Breakdown: The Siloed Dev Team Disaster (3 modules rebuilt)**
Three teams built incompatible systems. PM added weekly cross-team syncs, API wikis, and Architecture Decision Records (ADRs).
**04 — Unrealistic Deadlines: The Death March Launch (5 engineers resigned)**
A 90-day promise caused burnout and mass resignations. PM renegotiated a phased MVP plan backed by velocity data and capped team hours.
**05 — No Risk Management: The Third-Party Collapse ($800K unplanned cost)**
A vendor acquisition killed a critical API with no backup plan. PM built a Risk Register, pre-qualified backup vendors, and added architecture abstraction layers.
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**Common PM toolkit across all 5:** Change Control Boards, Risk Registers, sprint velocity tracking, phased releases, and stakeholder communication backed by data — not promises.
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